Umgomo wezinto ezibonakalayo wodaka lwemasonry masonry uyingxenye ebalulekile yesakhiwo, kuphela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ephelele yokuhlangana, ukwakha nokuzinza.Ziningi izinto ezithinta amandla.Uma noma iyiphi into esesilinganisweni semiksi inganele, noma ukwakheka kunganele, kuzothinta ikhwalithi iyonke, ukuze kukhiqizwe impahla yezinga lezinga lamandla, kuyadingeka ukubamba ukucaciswa kwempahla, ubuningi, imodeli nokunye, ukuze izinto ezahlukene zixutshwe ngesilinganiso esithile.Inani lesihlabathi esisetshenziswa ku-mix ratio ye-masonry mortar lilungiswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokuya ngamazinga wamandla.Uma amamaki wamandla ehlukile, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani lesihlabathi kumitha ngayinye ye-cubic yodaka ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani lesihlabathi lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuklama, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokwakha, ukonga izindleko zokwakha.Kufakazelwa ngokwenza ukuthi inani likasimende elisetshenziswa odakeni olunamandla aphansi lingaphansi kwalelo odaka olunamandla aphezulu.Ukuze sithole udaka oluhle, sidinga usimende nesihlabathi esomile ngokusebenzisa inani elithile lokukhetha, bese sengeza amanzi afanelekile ukuxuba, ukuze senze udaka lokwakha, umthamo wodaka uzoncishiswa cishe ngo-10%;Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lamandla likadaka liphakeme, inani likasimende elisetshenziswayo liyanda, usimende oxutshwe nodaka uzokwandisa umthamo.Inani lamanzi ngeyunithi ngayinye lithinta uketshezi lodaka.Udaka kuphela olunenani elifanelekile lamanzi olungaqinisekisa ukuvumelana okusesilinganisweni kodaka futhi luhlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokwakha.Isilinganiso sengxube yodaka lwamatshe ikakhulukazi isilinganiso se-lime-sand.Kuphela lapho inani lesimende nesihlabathi lilawulwa ngokugcwele, futhi ingxenye yakho kokubili ingakwazi ukufanisa izinto zokwakha eziphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokwakha.
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokwesayensi kukasimende kuwumbandela wokuqala wokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yodaka.Inani likasimende liyashintsha ngezinga lamandla lodaka, ukuze kunqunywe inani likasimende, lezi ezimbili zihlobene, okungukuthi, izinga eliphezulu lodaka lodaka, inani likasimende, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Ukukhetha inani likasimende nokulandela isimiso senani elincane likasimende kungaqhubeka nokwandisa isilinganiso sokubamba amanzi kodaka, kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukusebenza kodaka lokubamba amanzi, kugweme ukuqhekeka kwezitini, futhi kuqinisekise ngokuyisisekelo izinga lokwakha.Ukucoleka kwesihlabathi nakho kuba nomthelela oqondile enanini likasimende, okuncanyana ukucoleka, okukhudlwana okuqukethwe kodaka, i-modulus yokuqina kwesihlabathi phakathi kuka-2.3 ~ 3.0, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okuqukethwe kodaka esilinganisweni sengxube yodaka kungaphansi kuka-5%.Isihlabathi esiphakathi esisetshenziswa odakeni lwamatshe siyinto ekahle.Awukwazi ukusebenzisa isihlabathi esihle noma isihlabathi esicolekile esengeziwe ukugwema ukunamathela okwanele futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokwakha.
Izinyathelo zokukhonkolo zokulawula ukusetshenziswa kukasimende zingafinyelela umgomo wokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kuphela uma inqubo inengqondo.Ukulawulwa kwemithamo kasimende kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa isilinganiso sokuxutshwa kodaka lwamatshe.Enye iwukusetshenziswa kokulinganisa isisindo sikasimende esikalini, ngokulinganisa okuhle, qinisekisa ngokuphumelelayo inani likasimende, ukuze ukuhlushwa kukasimende kulawulwe, ngokuvamile inani lokulawula usimende ku-2%.Okwesibili, indawo yokwakha kufanele isebenzise imitha yokunemba okuphezulu, ukuhlaziya okusebenzayo kwenani lezinto ezihlukahlukene zodaka ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso esifanele.Okwesithathu ukukhawulela isikhathi sokuxuba usimende.Ukusetha ngokuqinile isikhathi, ukuhlangabezana nesikhathi sokuxuba esingekho ngaphansi kwemizuzu emi-2 yezinga elijwayelekile, ekuxubeni, isidingo sokulawula isivinini, ukungcola ukususa, ukugwema amabhlokhi amaningi we-lime kuthinta amandla.Ngemuva kokuxuba, ezinye izinto zidinga ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze zingathinti amandla aphelele.Okwesine, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwezithasiselo.Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa izithasiselo, udinga ukulandela ngokuqinile izindinganiso, kufanele kube nokuhlolwa okuqinile, kunemingcele yesayensi okufanele uyisekele.Okwesihlanu, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zangempela.Amaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlukene, izinga lodaka lihlukile, ngokusho kwesimo sokwakhiwa kwesayithi, ukulungiswa okunengqondo kokusetshenziswa kukasimende, ukulungiswa okuphumelelayo kwesilinganiso sokuxuba, ngoba isilinganiso sokuxuba asinqunyelwe, ngokusho kwezinhlobonhlobo zikasimende, ibanga, ukulungiswa kokusebenza, dlala indima.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-20-2023